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2022-12-13
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Welcome to the Lubrizol Ready Reference!

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The Ready Reference is your convenient industry resource for quickly finding essential information on lubricant and fluid properties, specification details, and other application-specific topics.
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Lubrizol periodically updates and publishes the content in this resource. This version was most recently published on: 9/26/2023.

If you have any questions on the information in the Ready Reference Guide, or if you have feedback for technical clarification of the content, please email us at ReadyReference@lubrizol.com

The next few pages help explain how to use this online resource. We hope you enjoy it and find answers to your questions!

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The Lubrizol Team

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Searching from the Home Page
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Glossary
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  • ​​​​​​​Transmission fluids
  • 2-stroke
  • 4-stroke
  • Abrasive Wear
  • Absolute Viscosity
  • ACEA
  • Acid Number
  • Additive
  • Additives
  • Additives
  • Adhesion
  • Adhesive Wear
  • Age Hardening
  • air-to-fuel ratio
  • American Petroleum Institute
  • American Society for Testing and Materials
  • Anhydrous
  • Aniline Point
  • Antifoam Agent
  • Antioxidant
  • Antistatic Additive
  • Antiwear Additive
  • Antiwear Agent
  • API
  • Apparent Viscosity
  • Appearance
  • Ash
  • Asperities
  • ASTM
  • Atmospheric Distillation
  • Automatic Transmission
  • Automatic transmission fluid
  • Automatic Transmission Fluid
  • Bactericide
  • Base
  • Base Number
  • Base Oil Credit
  • Base Stock
  • Bearings
  • Bench Tests
  • Bitumen
  • Black Oil
  • Bleeding
  • Blending
  • Bloom
  • Blow-By
  • Boundary Lubrication
  • Bright Stock
  • Brinelling
  • Bromine Number
  • Brookfield Viscosity
  • Bulk Appearance
  • Cam
  • Carbon Residue
  • Catalytic Converter
  • Cavitation
  • Cavitation Damage
  • Centipoise
  • Centistoke
  • Certifications
  • Cetane Index
  • Cetane Number
  • Cetane Number Improver
  • Chain wear
  • Channeling—1
  • Channeling—2
  • Clean Truck Standards
  • Cloud Point
  • Coefficient of Friction
  • Cohesion
  • Cold Cranking Simulator
  • Color
  • Complex Soap
  • Compounding
  • Compression Ratio
  • Compression Ratio
  • Compressors
  • Computer Diagnostic System
  • Consistency
  • Continuously Variable Transmission
  • Copper Strip Corrosion
  • Corrosion
  • Corrosion Inhibitor
  • Corrosion Inhibitor
  • Corrosive Wear
  • Crown
  • Demulsibility
  • Denaturant
  • Density
  • Detergent
  • Detonation
  • Diesel Exhaust Fluid
  • Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
  • Dilution of Engine Oil
  • Dispensability
  • Dispersant
  • Distillation
  • Drive Cycle
  • Dropping Point
  • Dry dual clutch transmissions
  • Dry Film Lubricant
  • Dual Clutch Transmission
  • Durability
  • Dynamic Viscosity
  • Efficiency
  • Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
  • Emissions (Mobile Sources)
  • Emissions (Stationary Sources)
  • Emulsifier
  • End Point
  • Engine Block
  • Engine Block Group
  • Engine Control Module
  • Engine Deposits
  • Engine Downsizing
  • EPA Complex Model
  • EPA Simple Model
  • Erosion
  • Ethanol (Fuel)
  • European Automobile Manufacturers Association
  • Evaporation Loss
  • Exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • Extreme Pressure Additive
  • Extreme Pressure agents
  • Extreme Pressure Property
  • Factory Fill Fluid
  • False Brinelling
  • Fatigue
  • Feedability
  • Ferrography
  • Fiber
  • Fibril
  • Filled-for-Life
  • Filler
  • Film Strength
  • Flash Point
  • Fluid Friction
  • Foam Inhibitor
  • Fretting
  • Friction
  • Friction
  • Friction modifier
  • Frost
  • Fuel Injector
  • Fuel Trim Tolerance
  • Galling
  • Gaseous Fuel
  • Gasoline
  • Gasoline direct injection
  • Gasoline/Ethanol Blend
  • GDI
  • Gravity
  • Gross Additive Treating Cost
  • Gross Delivered Treating Cost
  • Heavy Duty
  • Heavy Duty Trucks
  • High Temperature High Shear Rate Viscosity
  • Homogenization
  • Hybrid Thickener
  • Hydrodynamic Lubrication
  • Hydrofinishing
  • Hydrolytic Stability
  • Hydrophilic
  • Hydrophobic
  • I.T.
  • I.T.
  • ILSAC
  • Incompatibility
  • Induction Period
  • Industrial gears
  • Inhibitor
  • Insoluble Inorganic Thickener
  • Insolubles
  • International Lubricants Standardization and Approval Committee
  • Iodine Number
  • Japanese Automotive Standards Organization
  • JASO
  • Kinematic Viscosity
  • Kinematic Viscosity
  • Land
  • Lead
  • Lightweighting
  • Limited slip differentials
  • Low Speed Pre-Ignition
  • Lowest Additive Concentration
  • Lubricating Grease
  • Lubrication
  • Lubrication
  • Luster
  • Manual transmission fluid
  • Mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids
  • Morphology
  • Multigrade Oil
  • Multigrade Oil
  • Naphthenic
  • Net Additive Treating Cost
  • Net Delivered Treating Cost
  • Neutral Detergent
  • Neutral Oil
  • Neutralization Number
  • Newtonian Behavior
  • Newtonian Flow
  • Nitration
  • NLGI
  • NLGI Number
  • Non-Ferrous
  • Non-Newtonian Behavior
  • Non-Soap Thickener
  • octane number
  • Octane Number
  • Octane Requirement
  • Octane Requirement Increase
  • Oiliness Agent
  • Open differentials
  • Overbased Detergent
  • Overbased detergents
  • Overhaul
  • Oxidation
  • Oxidation Inhibitor
  • Oxidation Stability
  • Oxygenate
  • Oxygenated Fuel
  • Oxygenated Gasoline
  • Ozone and CO Nonattainment Area
  • Paraffinic
  • Parc
  • Penetration
  • Percentage Permanent Viscosity Loss
  • Percentage Temporary Viscosity Loss
  • Permanent Viscosity Loss
  • PFI
  • Phase 2 Greenhouse Gas Rule
  • Piston
  • Piston Group
  • Pitting
  • Pitting
  • Plastic Flow
  • Plasticity
  • Poise
  • Polishing
  • Polyalphaolefin
  • Port fuel injection
  • Port fuel injection
  • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
  • Positive Displacement Pump
  • Pour Point
  • Pour Point Depressant
  • Preignition
  • Pumpability
  • Rails
  • Refining
  • Refrigerants
  • Refrigeration cycle
  • Regenerative braking systems
  • Reid Vapor Pressure
  • Rerefining
  • Rheology
  • Ridging
  • Ring
  • Ring Sticking
  • Rolling and Peening
  • Rust Preventative
  • Saponification
  • SAPS
  • Scoring
  • Scratching
  • Scuffing
  • Seal Compatibility
  • Service Fill Fluid
  • Shear Rate
  • Shear Stability
  • Shear Stability Index
  • Shear Stress
  • Shearing
  • Shudder
  • Slideways
  • Sludge
  • SN Plus
  • Solvent Extraction
  • Solvent Refining
  • Spalling
  • Specification
  • Squeeze Film Lubrication
  • Standards
  • Stepped automatic transmissions
  • Stoke
  • sulfated ash
  • Sulfated Ash
  • Super Tractor Oil Universal
  • Synchronizer
  • Synthesis
  • Synthetic Grease
  • Synthetic Lubricant
  • TBN
  • Temporary Shear Stability Index
  • Temporary Viscosity Loss
  • Texture
  • Thickener
  • Thickener
  • Thixotropy
  • Top Tier
  • Torque
  • Torque converter
  • Total Base Number
  • Tribology
  • Tribology
  • Turbines
  • Turbocharged
  • Turbochargers
  • Universal Tractor Transmission Oil
  • Vacuum Distillation
  • Valve Lifter
  • Valve Train
  • Valve Train Group
  • Varnish
  • Viscometer
  • Viscosity
  • Viscosity Index
  • Viscosity Modifier
  • Volatility
  • Water Resistance
  • Wear
  • Wear
  • Wet dual clutch transmissions
  • White Oil
  • Wind turbines
  • Wire ropes
  • Worldwide Fuel Charter
  • Yield
  • Yield Point
  • Zinc Dithiophosphate

Ready Reference Guide

Using the Ready Reference

  • Welcome
  • Searching from the Home Page
  • Searching from a Topic Page
  • Using the Glossary
  • Navigating to the Next Topic in a Sequence

Viscosity

  • Viscosity Overview
  • Viscosity Measurement Techniques
  • Viscosity and Multi-Grade Oils
  • Viscosity Index
  • Types of Viscosity Modifiers

Base Stocks

  • Base Stock Overview
  • Group I
  • Group II
  • Group III
  • Group III+

Lubricant Additives

  • Additives Overview
  • Additives At-A-Glance (Active)
  • Additives At-A-Glance (Inert)
  • Detergents
  • Dispersants

Engine Oils

  • Engine Oils Overview
  • Physical Requirements for Engine Oils
  • SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
  • Military Grades (MIL-PRF-2104)

API Base Oil Interchange Guidelines

  • API Base Oil Interchange Guidelines
  • API S Tests (Table E-2)
  • BOI/VGRA Guidelines (Table E-3)
  • Sequence III Tests (Tables E-4 and E-5)
  • Sequence IVA Tests (Table E-6)

API Automotive Gasoline Engine Service Categories

  • API Automotive Gasoline Engine Service Categories Overview
  • API SP and ILSAC GF-6 Engine Tests (Table G-6)
  • API SP and ILSAC GF-6 Bench Tests (Table G-6) (copy)
  • API SP and ILSAC GF-6A/6B Elastomer Compatibility
  • API SN and ILSAC GF-5 and API SN Plus with Resource Conserving

API Automotive Diesel Engine Commercial Categories

  • API Automotive Diesel Engine Commercial Categories Overview
  • API CK-4 / FA-4
  • API CK-4 xW-30, xW-40 / API FA-4 xW-30
  • API CK-4 / API FA-4
  • API CJ-4

ACEA Engine Oil Sequences

  • ACEA Engine Oil Sequences Overview
  • Introduction to Changes (2023)
  • Conditions for Use
  • Certification and Registration
  • Consumer Language

JASO Automotive Diesel Engine Oil Standard

  • JASO Automotive Diesel Engine Oil Standard Overview
  • JASO DH-1 Diesel Engine Oil Standard (DH-1 -17)
  • JASO DH-2 Diesel Engine Oil Standard (DH-2 -17; DH-2F -17)
  • JASO DL-1 Diesel Engine Oil Standard (DL-0-17; DL-1-17)
  • JASO DH-1 Diesel Engine Oil Standard (DH-1 -15)

Major Engine Tests

  • Major Engine Tests Overview
  • API Gasoline Engine Tests
  • API Diesel Engine Tests
  • ACEA Gasoline Engine Tests
  • ACEA Diesel Engine Tests

Small Engine Oils

  • Small Engine Oils Overview
  • Two-Stroke Engine Oils
  • JASO, ISO and TISI Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine Oil Standards
  • NMMA Two-Stroke Standards
  • Four-Stroke Engine Oils

Driveline: Passenger Vehicle Automatic Transmission Fluid

  • Passenger Vehicle Automatic Transmission Fluids Overview
  • Passenger Car Conventional ATF Specifications
  • Chrysler Passenger Car ATF
  • Ford Passenger Car ATF
  • GM Passenger Car ATF

Driveline: Commercial Vehicle Automatic Transmission Fluid

  • Commercial Vehicle Automatic Transmission Fluid Overview
  • North American Commercial Vehicle OEMs
  • Allison TES 389 Rev.B Test Requirements
  • Allison TES 439 Test Requirements
  • Allison C-4 Test Requirements

Driveline: Automotive Gear Lubricants

  • Automotive Gear Lubricants Overview
  • SAE J306
  • Performance Specifications
  • API Category MT-1
  • MIL-PRF-2105E

Driveline: Off Highway Lubricants

  • Off-Highway Powershift Transmissions Overview
  • Final Drive and Axles (FDAO)
  • Caterpillar TO-4 Test Requirements
  • Caterpillar FD-1 Test Requirements

Driveline: Tractor Fluids

  • Tractor Fluids Overview
  • UTTO Performance Requirements
  • STOU Performance Requirements
  • Physical Characteristics of Farm Tractor Hydraulic/Transmission Fluids
  • Tractor Manufacturers' Specifications

Marine Diesel Engine Oils

  • Marine Diesel Engine Oils Overview
  • Two-stroke Slow-speed Crosshead Engines
  • Four-stroke Medium-speed Trunk Piston Engines
  • Marine Diesel Engine Oil Requirements

Stationary Gas Engine Oils

  • Stationary Gas Engine Oils Overview
  • Engine Builders’ Preferences for Stationary Gas Engine Lubricants

Fuels

  • Fuels Overview (WWFC)
  • Gasoline Properties
  • Diesel Properties
  • Gasoline Worldwide Fuel Charter
  • Worldwide Gasoline Specifications

Hydraulic Fluids

  • Hydraulic Fluids Overview
  • Hydraulic Fluid Specifications: Chemical and Physical Characteristics
  • Hydraulic Fluid Specifications: Performance Bench Tests
  • Hydraulic Fluid Specifications: Mechanical Tests
  • Hydraulic Fluid Specifications: Multigrade Fluids

Major Industrial Gear Oil Specifications

  • IGO: Physical Characteristics
  • IGO: Performance Characteristics (copy)
  • IGO: Pump and Coatings
  • Turbine: Industry
  • Turbine: Industry (Phys)

Grease

  • Grease Overview
  • Tests for Characterizing Greases
  • Grease Composition & Characteristics
  • Rheology
  • Thickeners and Other Structural Components

Industry Organizations

  • Industry Organizations

Abbreviations of Organization Names

  • Abbreviations of Organization Names

Glossary of Terms

  • A-C
  • D-G
  • H-P
  • R-Z

Calculations

  • Weight and Volume
  • Sulfated Ash
  • Additive Treating Costs
  • Fuel Consumption

Conversions

  • International System of Units (SI)
  • Measurement Conversions to SI
  • Conversion Factors for Fuels
  • Converting Celsius/Fahrenheit Temperatures (-200 to 60)
  • Converting Celsius/Fahrenheit Temperatures (61 to 530)

Contributors

  • Contributors